- Book: [[Exodus]]
- Previous chapter: [[Exodus 8]]
- Next chapter: [[Exodus 10]]
> [!summary] Summary
> - Fifth plague: disease kills all [[Egyptian]] livestock; [[Israel]]'s animals are unharmed
> - Sixth plague: boils afflict all [[Egyptians]] and animals; magicians cannot even stand before [[Moses]]
> - Seventh plague: devastating hail destroys crops and people in the fields; [[Goshen]] is spared; [[Pharaoh]] confesses sin but hardens again after relief
> [!info] Why is this here?
> - Intensifies the plague sequence: livestock, bodies, sky — the plagues move through all of creation
> - The magicians' total incapacitation by boils signals the collapse of [[Egypt]]'s religious establishment
> - The hail plague introduces a new theological note: God has "raised up" [[Pharaoh]] specifically to display his power and spread his name — the hardening is purposeful
# Overview
## v. 1-7: Fifth plague — livestock disease
- All [[Egyptian]] horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats die
- Not one [[Israelite]] animal dies — [[Pharaoh]] investigates and confirms this
- Yet his heart is unyielding
## v. 8-12: Sixth plague — boils
- [[Moses]] tosses furnace soot into the air before [[Pharaoh]]; boils break out on all [[Egyptians]] and animals
- The magicians cannot stand before [[Moses]] because of their own boils
- God hardens [[Pharaoh]]'s heart — the first time the hardening is explicitly God's direct action in this sequence
## v. 13-21: Warning before the seventh plague
- God sends [[Moses]] to declare: "I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth"
- [[Egypt]] is warned to bring people and animals inside
- Some of [[Pharaoh]]'s officials fear God's word and comply; others do not
> [!note] Raised up for this purpose
> [[Pharaoh]]'s stubbornness is not wasted: it becomes the occasion for God's power to be fully displayed. The rescue reaches beyond [[Egypt]] — it will be proclaimed in all the earth.
## v. 22-26: Seventh plague — hail
- Worst hailstorm in [[Egyptian]] history: hail with lightning, kills people and animals in fields, destroys crops
- Only [[Goshen]] is spared
## v. 27-35: [[Pharaoh]] confesses and hardens
- "This time I have sinned; the Lord is in the right"
- [[Moses]] prays; the storm stops immediately
- [[Pharaoh]] sees the relief and hardens — both he and his officials this time
- Note: the flax and barley were destroyed, but the wheat and spelt (later-ripening crops) survived